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If you’re working in Terminal on your Mac, you need to know the most important UNIX commands: those that work with directories, those that work with files, and miscellaneous but commonly used commands.
- Unix continues to thrive as an operating system because of its power, flexibility, and simplicity, and the vast community that supports it. Learning Unix for Mac OS X, Second Edition can be your key to understanding all of it. The book has been reviewed by Apple for technological accuracy and brandishes the Apple Development Connection (ADC) logo.
- However, IBM Informix JDBC Driver and BladeManager are available on the bundled version of the installation media for Mac OS X, and they can be installed separately. When the installation media contains IDS bundled with client programs, the Windows® clients are on a different disk from the one with UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS X clients.
Folders are called directories in UNIX. Commands that refer to filenames, as most do, assume that you’re talking about files in the working directory. When you open the Terminal window, the working directory is set to your home directory, abbreviated ~. Bash shows you the current working directory and your username to the left of its prompt. The following table lists common directory-related commands.
Command | What It Does |
---|---|
ls | Lists the names of the files in the working directory. For more complete information, use ls –alF (. |
cd directoryname | Changes the working directory to the one you named. |
cd .. | Brings you up one directory level. |
cd | Returns you to your home directory. |
pwd | Displays the pathname of the current directory. |
mkdir newdirectoryname | Makes a new directory. |
rmdir directoryname | Removes (deletes) an empty directory. |
Grafted onto the Microsoft Windows operating system, Darwin is the fundamental Unix for MAC OS X of the Mac OS X operating system. The whole of Mac OS X is thus a superset of unix; the Aqua graphical user interface GUI of Unix for MAC OS X X provides an aesthetically pleasing and functionally elegant mechanism by which the user can control the.
As in Windows, you can redirect the output of a command to a text file. So if you want a record of the files in a folder, type cd, followed by a space, drag the folder’s icon to the Terminal window, and press Return. Type ls > mydirectorylist.txt and press Return again. A file named mydirectorylist.txt will appear in the folder you chose. You can open the file in TextEdit to see a list of the files in that directory.
This table lists commands commonly used when working with files in the Terminal window.
Command | What It Does |
---|---|
cp filename1 filename2 | Copies a file. |
chmod | Changes permissions for access to a file. Study the man page before using this one. |
diff | Compares two files line by line (assumes text). |
more filename | Displays a text file one page at a time. Press the spacebar to see the next page; press Q to quit. The man command works through more. |
mv filename1 filename2 | Moves a file or changes its name. |
rm filename | Removes (deletes) a file. |
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This last table explains other handy commands that anyone getting started in Terminal will likely want to know.
Command | What It Does |
---|---|
Control+C | Terminates most operations. |
date | Displays the current date and time. |
echo | Repeats whatever appears after the command (after expansion). |
help | Displays a partial list of bash commands. |
history | Displays the last commands you typed. You can redo a command by typing an exclamation point (!) followed immediately (no space) by the number of that command in the history list. To repeat the last command, type !!. To repeat the last filename, type !*. |
pico | A simple UNIX text editor. |
ps | Displays a list of running processes. |
sudo | Lets you carry out commands for which the account you are using lacks authority. You will be asked for an administrator’s password. |
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When you’re working in Terminal, you don’t have a Trash Can to which deleted files are moved pending ultimate disposal. Delete it, and it’s gone. In general, UNIX has no Undo function.